Posted by admin on Oct 15, 2009
New energy cars: Who is the main market ups and downs
In January 2007, as one of North America’s largest auto Digital Camera Battery show in Detroit Auto Show is undoubtedly the major automobile manufacturers displayed charisma of a good time, and the new energy power cars have become a major highlight of the show.
With gasoline prices, together with the synchronization of global temperatures rise, more and more people will be looking into the environmental protection, for which car manufacturers are beginning to select out of the original model, for R & D, manufacturing, green energy vehicles approach.
The Motor Show only available with Toyota’s hybrid Camry, to further define its presence in the hybrid field of leadership. As the world’s top three car manufacturers, General Motors, Ford and Chrysler are also on display at the Detroit auto show of their new studies have long powered car.
With the reduction of non-renewable energy sources, environmental pressures and the growing urban population, the relative shortage of public facilities and resources, energy saving, environmental protection, including the automotive industry will be included in all areas of society are bound to follow a principle. To this end, hybrid vehicles, battery-powered cars and fuel-efficient cars repeatedly appear in people’s field of vision, it has also become a major auto companies for the future DSLR Battery Grip development directions.
In recent years, the rapid development of China’s automobile industry in 2005, total output of 5.07 million vehicles, ranking third in the world. The rapid development of automobile industry brought about negative effects has recently become increasingly prominent. The first is energy. Concerned is estimated that global oil reserves are only enough for 50 years and coal for 200 years, the energy supply is very tight. On the other hand, according to the report of the State Council Development Research Center, 2010 and 2020, China’s motor vehicle fuel demand will reach 138 million tons and 2.56 million tons, will be very tight supply-demand relationship. Problem of pollution has also become one of the problems our country need to be resolved. China’s big cities, automobile exhaust emissions, has become a major source of air pollution, the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides over 60%. With the increase in the number of cars will become increasingly serious. Resolve these two issues can only promote the use of clean energy vehicles.
Hybrid: a domestic R & D hot spot
Hybrid electric vehicles are using the traditional internal combustion engines and electric motors as power sources, the use of heat and electricity through a mix of the two systems to move their cars. Hybrid system is the most prominent feature of the oil, electric motors complementary mode. In the start-or low-speed driving, the car only to rely on the power-driven, this time the gasoline engine shut down, the vehicle’s fuel consumption is zero; when the vehicle speed increases (typically up to 40km / h and above) or in need of urgent acceleration, the gasoline engine and At the same time start the motor and start the output power; in vehicle braking, the hybrid power system can kinetic energy into electrical energy and stored in batteries to prepare for the next use of low-speed driving.
Available in early 2006, Chery A5, at this auto show with Chery Canon BG-E2N Battery Grip A5/ISG hybrid-type models appear, but also attracted a lot of attention. Chery is a moderate A513/ISG hybrid cars, powered by the ACTECO 1.3-liter engine, and one just larger than the average notebook computer fuel cell alternate drive, at idle and low speed, the use of fuel cell-driven, gasoline engine to stall work, that is no fuel, no emissions. Normal speeds when driven by gasoline engines, in the braking, the kinetic energy into electrical energy stored in fuel cells. It will more than regular gasoline-powered cars for more than 35% of fuel-efficient, emissions decreased by 50% or more.
In April 2006 Shanghai International Motor Show, has been shown the red flag over its self-developed hybrid car, accompanied by a FAW own research and development, with world-class brand of the liberation of the performance of hybrid city bus-like vehicle also passed the national “863″ Expert Group on major projects electric car project acceptance. July 27, 2006, Dongfeng self-developed hybrid buses passed inspection, and has become the first generation of hybrid goods vehicles with hybrid cars has also been completed prototype development. Changan Group also accelerated the hybrid electric vehicle off the assembly line process, developed with independent intellectual property rights of the antelope-like hybrid electric vehicles have produced cars, the first half of last year, Chang’s first hybrid vehicles already available. Chang has also successfully developed a hybrid engine, and soon will be used in own-brand cars CV9 on. August 26, 2006, SAIC and Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tongji University signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the new energy vehicles, both sides will cooperate fully to speed up alternative energy, hybrid, fuel cell vehicles and other models of research and development.
In other countries, the development of hybrid technology is already very mature, and its introduction of the model are also in the world automobile market, occupies a place. Since 2003, the second-generation Toyota Hybrid Prius in Japan, the United States, Europe, Australia, available now, by virtue of a comprehensive and leading technology, the global cumulative sales of Prius has exceeded 420,000.
Electric cars are the 20th century’s greatest engineering achievements of the 20 pre-integration of the two technologies, namely, “electric” and “car” the integration of the product. It is not a new idea of contemporary people, its conception and early development of both fuel vehicles, but Canon BG-E3 Battery Grip because of the performance of fuel than cars, so that research and development work once a standstill. The 20th century 70’s energy crisis and oil shortage, but also to make electric vehicles won the vitality of the 20th century 80 years, as people on air quality and greenhouse effect concerns the study of electric vehicles into the unprecedented period of enthusiasm. From the 20th century, early 90’s, the world’s major automotive group, such as Ford, General Motors, Nissan, Toyota and so on, are electric vehicles pay a larger capital, and developed a variety of electric vehicles and electric vehicle concept car .
Electric vehicles in addition to energy, environmental protection and energy saving to demonstrate its superiority and have strong competitiveness, vehicle performance also showed a huge advantage. Fast torque response of electric vehicles to accelerate faster than fuel vehicles two orders of magnitude higher than the motor can be scattered distribution, by-wire electronic control technology, direct control of the wheel speed, easy to realize four-wheel independent drive and four-rotation.
Natural Gas Vehicles: Fuel Vehicles “statutory successor”
Natural gas is an ideal clean fuel vehicles. It fully shows the environmental, economic, security and strategic superiority in the world wide attention and rapid development. Natural gas vehicles has many advantages: excellent emission performance is conducive to protecting the environment; natural gas a significant reduction in vehicle operating costs, improving economic efficiency; natural gas extend equipment life, lower maintenance costs; natural gas safer than gasoline, etc. .
Since the last century, 30 years abroad, to carry out natural gas vehicle technology research, has formed a series of sophisticated matching technology, and develop into new industries. According to the 1998 International Conference on Natural Gas Vehicles statistics, more than 40 countries around the world have the development and promotion of natural gas vehicles, natural gas vehicles a total of more than 90 million units; estimated that by 2010, will be developed to 2000 to 30 million. Currently Canon BG-E5 Battery Grip the world’s nearly 3000 stations have been built, mainly in Russia, Canada, the United States, Britain, France, New Zealand and other countries.
In January 2007, as one of North America’s largest auto show in Detroit Auto Show is undoubtedly the major automobile manufacturers displayed charisma of a good time, and the new energy power cars have become a major highlight of the show.
With gasoline prices, together with the synchronization of global temperatures rise, more and more people will be looking into the environmental protection, for which car manufacturers are beginning to select out of the original model, for R & D, manufacturing, green energy vehicles approach.
The Motor Show only available with Toyota’s hybrid Camry, to further define its presence in the hybrid field of leadership. As the world’s top three car manufacturers, General Motors, Ford and Chrysler are also on display at the Detroit auto show of their new studies have long powered car.
With the reduction of non-renewable energy sources, environmental pressures and the growing urban population, the relative shortage of public facilities and resources, energy saving, environmental protection, including the automotive industry will be included in all areas of society are bound to follow a principle. To this end, hybrid vehicles, battery-powered cars and fuel-efficient cars repeatedly appear in people’s field of vision, it has also become a major auto companies for the future development directions.
In recent years, the rapid development of China’s automobile industry in 2005, total Canon BG-E6 Battery Grip output of 5.07 million vehicles, ranking third in the world. The rapid development of automobile industry brought about negative effects has recently become increasingly prominent. The first is energy. Concerned is estimated that global oil reserves are only enough for 50 years and coal for 200 years, the energy supply is very tight. On the other hand, according to the report of the State Council Development Research Center, 2010 and 2020, China’s motor vehicle fuel demand will reach 138 million tons and 2.56 million tons, will be very tight supply-demand relationship. Problem of pollution has also become one of the problems our country need to be resolved. China’s big cities, automobile exhaust emissions, has become a major source of air pollution, the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides over 60%. With the increase in the number of cars will become increasingly serious. Resolve these two issues can only promote the use of clean energy vehicles.
Hybrid: a domestic R & D hot spot
Hybrid electric vehicles are using the traditional internal combustion engines and electric motors as power sources, the use of heat and electricity through a mix of the two systems to move their cars. Hybrid system is the most prominent feature of the oil, electric motors complementary mode. In the start-or low-speed driving, the car only to rely on the power-driven, this time the gasoline engine shut down, the vehicle’s fuel consumption is zero; when the vehicle speed increases (typically up to 40km / h and above) or in need of urgent acceleration, the gasoline engine and At the same time start the motor and start the output power; in vehicle braking, the hybrid power system can kinetic energy into electrical energy and stored in batteries to prepare for the next use of low-speed driving.
Available in early 2006, Chery A5, at this auto show with Chery A5/ISG hybrid-type models appear, but also attracted a lot of attention. Chery is a moderate A513/ISG hybrid cars, powered by the ACTECO 1.3-liter engine, and one just larger than the average notebook computer fuel cell alternate drive, at idle and low speed, the use of fuel cell-driven, gasoline engine to stall work, that is no fuel, no emissions. Normal speeds when driven by gasoline engines, in the braking, the kinetic energy into electrical energy stored in fuel cells. It will more than regular gasoline-powered cars for more than 35% of fuel-efficient, emissions decreased by 50% or more.
In April 2006 Shanghai International Motor Show, has been shown the red flag over its self-developed Canon EOS 20D Battery Grip hybrid car, accompanied by a FAW own research and development, with world-class brand of the liberation of the performance of hybrid city bus-like vehicle also passed the national “863″ Expert Group on major projects electric car project acceptance. July 27, 2006, Dongfeng self-developed hybrid buses passed inspection, and has become the first generation of hybrid goods vehicles with hybrid cars has also been completed prototype development. Changan Group also accelerated the hybrid electric vehicle off the assembly line process, developed with independent intellectual property rights of the antelope-like hybrid electric vehicles have produced cars, the first half of last year, Chang’s first hybrid vehicles already available. Chang has also successfully developed a hybrid engine, and soon will be used in own-brand cars CV9 on. August 26, 2006, SAIC and Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tongji University signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the new energy vehicles, both sides will cooperate fully to speed up alternative energy, hybrid, fuel cell vehicles and other models of research and development.
In other countries, the development of hybrid technology is already very mature, and its introduction of the model are also in the world automobile market, occupies a place. Since 2003, the second-generation Toyota Hybrid Prius in Japan, the United States, Europe, Australia, available now, by virtue of a comprehensive and leading technology, the global cumulative sales of Prius has exceeded 420,000.
Electric cars are the 20th century’s greatest engineering achievements of the 20 pre-integration of the two technologies, namely, “electric” and “car” the integration of the product. It is not a new idea of contemporary people, its conception and early development of both fuel vehicles, but because of the performance of fuel than cars, so that research and development work once a standstill. The 20th century 70’s energy crisis and oil shortage, but also to make electric vehicles won the vitality of the 20th century 80 years, as people on air quality and greenhouse effect concerns the study of electric vehicles into the unprecedented period of enthusiasm. From the 20th century, early 90’s, the world’s major automotive group, such as Ford, General Motors, Nissan, Toyota and so on, are electric vehicles pay a larger capital, and developed a variety of electric vehicles and electric vehicle concept car .
Electric vehicles in addition to energy, environmental protection and energy saving to demonstrate its superiority and have strong competitiveness, vehicle performance also showed a huge advantage. Fast torque response of electric vehicles to accelerate faster than fuel vehicles two laptop battery laptop batteries orders of magnitude higher than the motor can be scattered distribution, by-wire electronic control technology, direct control of the wheel speed, easy to realize four-wheel independent drive and four-rotation.
Natural Gas Vehicles: Fuel Vehicles “statutory successor”
Natural gas is an ideal clean fuel vehicles. It fully shows the environmental, economic, security and strategic superiority in the world wide attention and rapid development. Natural gas vehicles has many advantages: excellent emission performance is conducive to protecting the environment; natural gas a significant reduction in vehicle operating costs, improving economic efficiency; natural gas extend equipment life, lower maintenance costs; natural gas safer than gasoline, etc. .
Since the last century, 30 years abroad, to carry out natural gas vehicle technology research, has formed a series of sophisticated matching technology, and develop into new industries. According to the 1998 International Conference on Natural Gas Vehicles statistics, more than 40 countries around the world have the development and promotion of natural gas vehicles, natural gas vehicles a total of more than 90 million units; estimated that by 2010, will be developed to 2000 to 30 million. Currently the world’s nearly 3000 stations have been built, mainly in Russia, Canada, the United States, Britain, France, New Zealand and other countries.
Polysilicon shortage of domestic and foreign firms to build lines overweight Semiconductor
Polysilicon is a semiconductor integrated circuits and silicon-based solar cell materials, the chemical industry, metallurgy, and automatic control, comprehensive integration of the sector, but also capital and technology-intensive industries. In recent years, with the solar cell industry, the development of polysilicon production has also been rapid development. Some experts said that in order to address the constraints of China’s information industry and the development of photovoltaic power generation industry Inspiron 6400 Battery, bottlenecks, to meet the demand of domestic materials, in the next five years of construction with 2 ~ 3 tons polysilicon production lines is necessary.
And foreign firms competing to set foot in polysilicon production
Over the years, the world’s advanced polysilicon production technology has been under control in the United States, Japan, Germany, Italy and other countries in the hands of seven companies to form a technological blockade, monopolize the market. In 2005 the company the world’s major polysilicon output was 29.1 thousand tons, of which the semiconductor grade (EG) 20600 tons of solar grade (SG) 8500 Dun. While the actual demand for solar-grade polysilicon for the 14.5 thousand tons, seriously short supply.
In addition to the several companies have expansion plans, there is another recently announced that several companies are also involved in polysilicon production, such as Andalucia, Spain announced plans to invest 250 million euros to build Spain’s first polysilicon plant, expected construction period of 30 months, production capacity estimated at 2,500 tons; in February 2006, Norway, Elkem Solar Silicon Plant Elkem Fiskaa corporate takeover, plans converting solar high-purity silicon, the company is currently building a pilot production line and plans to form a kiloton scale; 2006 year in June, the Japanese Nippon Steel Corporation announced the establishment of Nippon Steel Yawata City Solar Energy Materials, Inc., to process metallurgy-based production of solar energy with 6N polysilicon plant production capacity of about 500 tons / year, is expected to be in the second half of 2007 into operation; Japan’s JFE Steel Corporation announced the annual production capacity of 100 tons of the pilot plant, using plasma flame, electron beam and the directional solidification method of removing impurity production of solar cells with polysilicon, and is working on the design scale of annual output of 500 tons to 1000 tons of productive plant; was also reported that South Korea’s DC Chemical announced it would invest 260 million U.S. dollars to establish the semiconductor and solar cell production plant with polysilicon, estimated production technology for the silanes law; Germany JSSI the company announced that it will build in the Rhein Fielden a factory producing polycrystalline silicon with silane is expected to put into operation in 2008, a capacity of 850 tons / year.
Solar-grade polysilicon shortage
China’s polysilicon industry started in the last century, 50’s, 60’s industrialization in Inspiron 640m Battery, Inspiron 700m Battery, Inspiron 710m Battery the medium term, to 70 years, manufacturers have grown to more than 20. However, due to backward technology, serious environmental pollution, consumption of large, high cost reasons, most of the enterprises have to stop production or converting loss. At present, the domestic polysilicon production in the old factories left Luoyang monocrystalline silicon factory, and Emei Semiconductor Material Factory (the), their total annual production capacity and output of about 100 tons of these products are mainly self-produced their own use. In addition, as the domestic semiconductor industry in 1990, before the small market for solar PV industry is small (basically not), but to build a polysilicon plant in large investment and long return period, the blockade of foreign technology and market monopoly and other reasons, resulting in domestic polysilicon production and technology research has been slow.
Up to now, there are conditions for polysilicon production unit in Luoyang Sino-silicon High-tech Co., Ltd., Emei Semiconductor Material Factory (the), Sichuan Xinguang Silicon Industry Technology Co., Ltd. three companies. End of 2005, Luoyang, 300 tons of high-tech companies in Silicon polysilicon production line has been officially put into operation, two of 1,000 tons production line expansion is also under construction, plans to expand to 3,000 tons of size, into the domestic industrial base silicon; the same time, Emei Semiconductor Material Factory Expansion The 200 tons of polysilicon production line also has been in operation; Sichuan Xinguang Silicon Industry Technology Co., Ltd. The total investment is 1.29 billion yuan annual output of 1260 tons polysilicon production line project is scheduled to put into production by the end of February 2007.
As the solar photovoltaic industry is developing rapidly, resulting in a large number of solar grade polysilicon shortage, therefore, at home and abroad polysilicon technology development trends and expansion plans, largely to meet the needs of silicon photovoltaic solar cells is characterized by the development needs of the industry. Due to short supply, in two or three years, the solar-grade polysilicon prices rose up to 250%, and from 2003 to 22 U.S. dollars / kg ~ 25 U.S. dollars / kg up to the current 100 U.S. dollars / kilograms. Polysilicon manufacturers and some foreign countries not only to China’s enterprises blocking techniques is still limited and the cut-off purchases to buy the phenomenon of polysilicon materials Inspiron 8500 Battery, resulting in some domestic manufacturers Dell Battery rush to buy polysilicon, polysilicon prices to the international market, two times (200 U.S. dollars / kg) or more. It forecast that in 2010, the global polysilicon market demand will be 7 million metric tons, or even, the world’s polysilicon production capacity to reach 100,000 tons, when the supply tension can be eased.
The next five years should no longer build more than 1000 tons-scale production lines
To address the constraints of China’s information industry and the development of photovoltaic power generation industry, bottlenecks, to meet the demand of domestic materials, in the next five years of construction with 2 ~ 3 tons polysilicon production lines is necessary. Facing the market’s rapid growth, domestic investment projects of enterprises polysilicon, “suddenly, such as spring night, the Trees 10000 Pear Tree to open”, such as Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Chongqing, Ningxia, Yunnan, Nanjing and Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, , Hunan, Zhejiang and other provinces and cities have many companies expressed an interest to enter the polysilicon industry, formed a investment boom. But should see: polycrystalline silicon materials industry, investment funds and technical barriers are high, a 1000 tons-scale projects, investments in more than 10 billion yuan, if the technology were not accepted, the product costs are high, the formation of blind investment and low-level Repeat the construction of the situation, then the industry will inevitably bring confusion, resulting in a waste of resources and energy to the enterprise and national losses.
In addition to traditional Siemens method, the domestic low-cost, low-power solar grade polysilicon new process technology development has also developed rapidly, and tend to produce low-purity solar-grade polysilicon technology and high-purity electronic grade multi – separate crystalline silicon in order to reduce the solar grade polysilicon production costs. The international community, such as using VLD method Tokuyama, Norway, Elkem, Japan’s Nippon Steel and other companies prepared by physical purification polysilicon, There are also a number of research institutes and enterprises engaged in such technology research. But for now, using physical Purification prepared directly from metallic silicon polysilicon products, the purity mostly 4N ~ 5N, while the solar cell to achieve a higher conversion rate, its crystalline purity silicon raw materials to reach at least 6N ~ 7N, so such technology requires further breakthroughs and enhanced. At the same time, it should study, and research as soon as possible to achieve scale, to promote the sustainable development of China’s polysilicon industry.
