Posted by sunny27 on Oct 16, 2009
To promote the development of hydrogen and fuel cells
The future of humanity as a solar energy in Digital Camera Battery the final analysis, it is enough for us to spend a few billions of years. However, changes in solar energy over time and place of need hydrogen as energy carrier, hydrogen fuel cell is to use the best method. To this end, countries in the world to work together in order to overcome the fuel cell difficulties at an early date, its a business. In 1974, the oil crisis, a group of scientists gathered in Miami set up the “International Hydrogen Society”, aims to promote hydrogen energy. Nearly 30 years later, in November 2003, 16 representatives of countries and regions gathered in Washington, DC, set up a “Hydrogen Economy International Partnership” (IPHE) inter-governmental organization aimed at promoting the development of fuel cell vehicles, hoping Through these efforts, in 2020 for fuel cell vehicle commercialization.
In order to promote the development of fuel cell vehicles, the U.S. government has recently launched an incentive program for fuel cell vehicles are given 50 million U.S. dollars in prize money, the amount of degrees higher than the Nobel Prize several times. “Under the there must be so rewarded Isao” the United States want to use bonuses to promote the rapid development of fuel cells.
From the 1839 British scientists fuel cell experiments up to now has been in the past 160 years, generation after generation has never given up the fuel cell, and constantly strive to research. Of course, the fuel cell has changed from the original crude laboratory to the community: You can see the fuel-cell cars in the Mercedes-Benz, fuel cell buses in many cities and busy transported passengers; fuel cell power plants to provide electricity and hot water in many families; fuel cell mobile phones, laptop DSLR Battery Grip prototypes have already come out. Although the fuel cells together in the present application was not so perfect, but we believe that it is time for the service of humanity is coming.
Countries in the next 15 years, and long-term technology development planning framework in the development of hydrogen and fuel cells will be referred to an unprecedented height.
Of fuel cell vehicles in China has started to compile the national standard is expected to be completed in 2008
Recently, China’s national standards for fuel cell vehicles in Shanghai, the preparation work has been started, including the “fuel cell vehicles vehicle terms” and “fuel cell vehicles vehicle safety requirements,” the two basic criteria will be completed in 2008.
It is understood that fuel cell vehicles of national standards work from the early stage of discussions began in March last year, at present, the National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee, the China Automotive Technology and Research Center, SAIC, and Tongji University and other institutions and enterprises of the 10-odd group of senior research staff become a special project team, end of the year is expected to be able to form a “fuel cell vehicles vehicle terms” and “fuel cell vehicles vehicle safety Canon EOS 30D Battery Grip requirements,” the draft.
Market News: After soaring nickel prices plummeted brewing?
Since mid-February, has been steadily rising nickel prices rally even more crazy, LME nickel price was once nearly 5 million / ton astronomical, but also so that nickel prices rose nearly 5 years, a staggering 7 times.
The skyrocketing price of nickel has begun and nickel touched a deep nerve-related business. On the one hand, high nickel prices have made of nickel producers felt “mad”, a number of important domestic nickel production companies began to express concerns about the outlook for nickel prices; the other hand, high nickel prices also made of nickel consumption, companies felt the pinch, particularly nickel costs accounted for 65% of the stainless steel production enterprises greatly affected.
Crazy nickel price
From mid-April 2006 has been, LME nickel market began to steadily increasing, from 15,000 U.S. dollars / ton, all the way up to 48.5 thousand U.S. dollars / ton, an increase of 2.2 times. In particular, in mid-February this year to March 19, nickel prices even more, such as the Pretty Horses, from 35,000 U.S. dollars / ton up to 48,000 U.S. Canon EOS 40D Battery Grip dollars / ton. Non-ferrous metals industry, said the rise in nickel prices since last year, increased by large, fast up speed, are a new record.
However, in March 19 in the future, LME nickel price start to correct. As of March 26 closing, nickel prices have dropped to 41.8 thousand U.S. dollars / ton, the day down 7.37%. But the March 26 varieties of China’s major non-ferrous metals show the most recent reference pricing, trading for a # in Shanghai reached 417 thousand yuan nickel Quote / t -42 yuan / ton, equivalent to U.S. dollars more than 50,000 U.S. dollars / ton.
As China’s nickel industry, a major listed company — Jean-nickel industry, the secondary market in February this year, the trend also reflects the surge in nickel prices, its stock from early February to 22 yuan or so along the way early in March rose to nearly 39 per .
For the current round of rising nickel prices, the nation’s largest nickel producer Jinchuan Nickel Group — on its Web site said in public that the rise in nickel prices is non-rational rose, demonstrating his concern for soaring nickel prices.
Downstream firms complained
Although the nickel producers have a sense of standing above the crowd, but the soaring price of nickel Canon EOS 300D Battery Grip, after all, the direct beneficiaries. As for the use of nickel in the downstream business, the negative effects of rising nickel prices have been reflected in the current phase.
It is understood that nickel is mainly used for stainless steel, batteries, electroplating and electroless plating industry, of which 65% for stainless steel manufacturing, the other for special steel, alloy, batteries, electroplating agent system, currency and other industries. Therefore, nickel prices soared on the stainless steel market has caused a heavy burden. It is reported that some stainless steel producers have been reduced as the 300 series of high-grade steel production (in the 300 series stainless steel and nickel cost of more than 60%). Securities Times reporter yesterday called TISCO Stainless Steel (000825) Secretary of the Board to inquire about sharp fluctuations in nickel prices, the impact of the company, he has specific impact of the “not clear” refused an interview.
Moreover, due to current high nickel prices, the domestic consumption of a number of downstream customers, such as electroplating, nickel, networks, etc. Most of the manufacturers have discontinued, and some manufacturers even have been discontinued years ago, years later, due to nickel price hit a new high continuous and has did not resume production. The maintenance of production enterprises felt the pinch, while nickel prices continued to rise, but the market consumption, light, volume is very small.
Will the high platform diving nickel prices
Future nickel price will go from here? Nearly a week’s LME nickel price correction is not a signal of nickel prices started to plummet? In this regard, Jinchuan Group, said the international market, soaring nickel price in the consumers, producers and other market participants have a voices of doubt in the callback, the Jinchuan welcomes that is expected to decline in nickel prices have further room.
Jinchuan Group analysis, crazy nickel prices boosted nickel industry irrational investment. The past two years Canon EOS 350D Battery Grip, the development of the global nickel mining project in full swing, the world’s sulfide nickel laterite ore project and the project are incorporated into the investor perspective, the development of accelerated a few years the project focused on production, supply a significant increase in the next few years may lead to nickel prices plummeted for the future healthy development of the nickel market undermines the inconvenience.
However, Citigroup believes that nickel prices and the drop does not appear. A study by the bank’s latest report said the tight supply situation will make nickel in the “super cycle” at home. In respect of the current nickel price rise caused by the parties to an extraordinary challenge, the bank does not agree that the metal prices have been artificially exaggerated. The bank believes that the demand from the stainless steel field and supply difficult to sustain strong growth, making nickel inventories at a historic low. Data show that in 2006, nickel inventories fell by 89%, LME nickel stocks at present not a day of global consumption, the gap in 2007 the nickel market will continue to exist.
New technologies: open a fuel cell “Longevity” tips!
Brookhaven National Laboratory said it has found a way to keep in fuel cells will not be used as a catalyst of platinum dissolution or performance degradation method. U.S. Department of Energy believes that this breakthrough will help the nation to implement the Advanced Energy Initiative back on track by 2020 to achieve the goal of all-electric vehicles.
U.S. Department of Energy has received the Brookhaven National Laboratory that found that the patent, hoping to license it to all the world’s fuel-cell manufacturer. Brookhaven National Laboratory from 18 months ago to begin testing and found that when the stop-go driving style will greatly shorten the next generation of fuel cell-powered vehicle life – in 5 days of accelerated testing by 45%. In that case, the hybrid will never be like the Advanced Energy Initiative, as the all-electric drive vehicles to achieve.
When the formation of the constant stop-go charge-discharge cycles, will have Canon EOS 400D Battery Grip a great range of voltage swing, dissolved carbon electrode in the fuel cell was a thin layer of platinum. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory researchers Radoslav Adzic, said: “If the electrodes of the platinum dissolves, will greatly reduce the performance of fuel cells.”
Adzic’s team will be a number of 10-15 gold atoms into the surface of palladium nano-particles to form a fuel cell electrode was a thin layer of coating, so as to solve this problem. Gold atoms can reduce the stop-go driving voltage swings generated, thereby preventing platinum from dissolving. Adzic pointed out that the carbon coated with palladium electrodes can be formed at lower cost, because it is only a layer of platinum.
Brookhaven National Laboratory in the experiment simulated 30000 times, when stop-go driving, and the resulting electrode in the fuel cell produced by oxidation and reduction cycles, run out of a fuel cell. At the lab’s National Synchrotron Light Source, the researchers used a scanning transmission microscope in the X-ray detectors to observe the electrochemical process, and confirmed the use of gold atoms can indeed reduce the oxidation of platinum. Adzic, said: “In short, we have found is this: if each only 10-15 gold atoms with smaller atomic string of follow-up in the 3-5 nm platinum nanoparticles, the voltage swing will be even smaller , only the 0.75-1.1V, the voltage swing of the general 1.2V. This is enough to ensure that platinum will not be dissolved. ”
More than twice as expensive as gold palladium, but more than half the price of platinum. Therefore, this new electrode composition should not increase the cost of fuel cells, but may not reduce its costs.
Brookhaven National Laboratory researchers have continued to examine ways to make this approach laptop battery work the exact cause, but they have been able to estimate the most ideal structure is 10% of the particles of gold plus 90% of platinum.
Brookhaven National Laboratory, the research team, including chemical research specialists Junliang Zhang and Kotaro Sasaki, and representatives from the Brookhaven National Laboratory Center for Functional Materials, Eli Sutter. They are next in the Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Institute for Hydrogen and fuel cell test their results of this study.
Adzic, said: “Next we will synthesize a few grams of gold atoms protected by the platinum catalyst to get the Los Alamos National Laboratory, where researchers have to test whether such programs actually in the fuel cell production feasible. Despite the promising results of our study, but so far we have laptop batteries only in the tests conducted under laboratory conditions. “
